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Complete Guide to Hypertension

Everything you need to know about high blood pressure: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Back to blogJanuary 8, 20268 min readPatient Guides
Complete Guide to Hypertension

Hypertension affects over 30% of the adult population in Mexico and is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Known as the "silent killer," it often produces no symptoms until significant damage has already occurred.

What is blood pressure?

Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts against the walls of the arteries. It is measured with two numbers: systolic (pressure during a heartbeat) and diastolic (pressure between heartbeats). Normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg.

Blood pressure classification

  • Normal: below 120/80 mmHg
  • Elevated: 120-129 / below 80 mmHg
  • Hypertension Stage 1: 130-139 / 80-89 mmHg
  • Hypertension Stage 2: 140 or higher / 90 or higher mmHg
  • Hypertensive crisis: above 180/120 mmHg (medical emergency)

Risk factors

  • Advancing age
  • Family history of hypertension
  • Being overweight or obese
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • High-sodium, low-potassium diet
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Smoking
  • Chronic stress
  • Chronic conditions such as diabetes or kidney disease

Tropical climate and hypertension

In Cancun and the Mexican Caribbean, heat and humidity can affect blood pressure. Dehydration from the tropical climate can cause blood pressure fluctuations. It is essential to stay well hydrated and monitor blood pressure regularly, especially during the hottest months.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing hypertension requires repeated measurements on different occasions. In our office we perform:

  • Precise blood pressure measurement with calibrated equipment
  • Electrocardiogram to evaluate heart damage from hypertension
  • Echocardiogram to assess heart structure and function
  • Laboratory studies (kidney function, lipid profile, glucose)
  • Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in selected cases

Treatment

Managing hypertension includes lifestyle changes and, when necessary, medications. Treatment should be individualized and supervised by a cardiologist.

Lifestyle changes

  • Reduce salt intake to less than 5 grams daily
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week
  • Limit alcohol consumption
  • Quit smoking
  • Manage stress with relaxation techniques
  • Increase consumption of fruits, vegetables, and fiber

Untreated hypertension can cause heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, vision damage, and other serious problems. Proper control significantly reduces these risks.

If you have elevated blood pressure or risk factors, do not wait for symptoms. Schedule a complete cardiac evaluation to learn about your cardiovascular health and receive a personalized treatment plan.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical consultation. Always consult a qualified cardiologist for diagnosis and treatment of heart conditions.

Dr. Elders Jimenez Iglesias

Dr. Elders Jimenez Iglesias

Cardiologist · Nuclear Cardiology

Professional License: 13819257 · Specialty: 12543211

Have questions about your heart health?

Schedule a personalized evaluation with Dr. Jimenez. Board-certified cardiologist with expertise in nuclear cardiology.

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Hospital Galenia, Consultorio 403-A · Zona Hotelera

+52 (998) 116-3657